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Chicken scratch (also known as waila music) is a kind of dance music developed by the Tohono O'odham people. The genre evolved out of acoustic fiddle bands in southern Arizona, in the Sonoran desert. These bands began playing European and Mexican tunes, in styles that include the polka, schottisch and mazurka.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Waila: Chicken Scratch ) Pulse of the Planet also mentions cumbia as a more recent influence〕 Chicken scratch, however, is at its root, an interpretation of norteño music, which is itself a Mexican adaptation of polka. Many chicken scratch bands still play polka songs with a distinctive flourish, and may also play the waltz or conjunto.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Accordion Music )〕 Chicken scratch dance is based on the "''walking two step'' or the ''walking polka'' and the emphasis is on a very smooth gliding movement";〔Pulse of the Planet〕 dancers may also perform the mazurka or the chote, though no matter the style, it is always performed counterclockwise. Chicken scratch is usually played with a band including alto saxophone, bass, guitar, drums and accordion,〔 though the original style used only percussion, guitar and violin, with the accordion and saxophone added in the 1950s.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Le chant des Indiens d'Amérique du Nord ) (''in French'')〕 Its home is the Tohono O'odham Indian Reservation, Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community and Gila River Indian Community. The term ''waila'' comes from Spanish ''bailar'', meaning ''to dance''. The term ''chicken scratch'' comes from a description of traditional Tohono O'odham dance, which involves kicking the heels high in the air, which supposedly bears a resemblance to a chicken scratching.〔 The most famous performers are likely the Joaquín Brothers, Los Papagos Molinas with Virgil Molina,〔 and Southern Scratch.〔(Southern Scratch. ) Canyon Records (23 April 2009)〕 The Annual Waila Festival in Tucson, Arizona, is well-known,〔 as is the Rock-A-Bye Music Fest in Casa Grande, Arizona. Canyon Records is one of the best known labels for the genre. In 2011, a "Best Waila" category was added to the Native American Music Awards.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Music Awards - BEST WAILA )〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「chicken scratch」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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